Discussion:
Anglish
(too old to reply)
s***@gmail.com
2017-07-22 19:17:46 UTC
Permalink
I think that as a linguist JRR would have been interested. "Anglish"
is a proposed form of modern English taken closer to its Anglo-Saxon roots.

That is, it's a form of linguistic purity, with non-Germanic words replaced
with Germanic ones. The few examples I've seen/heard aren't all that immediately
clear, but easier than, say, Early Modern English (the language of Shakespeare).

See YouTube "Anglish - What if English Were 100% Germanic" which describes
four basic translation strategies:

1. Choose Germanic English words in current use rather than their Romance
(or other) equivalents.

Example: adj "sundry" in place of "various".


2. Revive rarely used or obsolete English words of Germanic or
Anglo-Saxon origin.

The LotR has many of these. See http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/words.php

Example: ME n "besom" - A broom made of twigs tied round a stick.
From the TT: "...his [Treebeard's] beard stood out stiff as a great besom."


3. Adopt words from Old English or other Germanic languages and
adapt them if necessary.

Example: n "farseeer" for "television" (from German "Fernseher", literally
"remote seer", one who sees from afar. Might also be a better word for
a Palantir than "crystal-ball".)


4. Create new words based on Old English or other Germanic roots.

Examples: adj "nameknown" instead of "famous" and
adj "dwimmer-crafty" - skilled in the arts of magic, especially the power
of illusion. From ME n "dwimmer" ("illusion, delusion, sleight, magic").

Another interesting example is "Ymirstuff" for Uranium.

I wonder how close the LotR text is to Anglish. Probably closer than most
modern writing as JRR was not only highly skilled with words and chose them
with care, he held Anglo-Saxon culture in high regard.

And yet the book was so highly readable that I never stumbled over words
new to me such as "weapontake", even if the meaning I assumed from
the context was technically wrong (issuing weapons) it still made sense
in the story line.

But imagine the whole story translated into pure Anglish; that would be some
achievement. I wonder if I'll ever see it.

Meanwhile here's a summary of the LotR in Anglish:

The Lord of the Rings is a three-part high wonder saga written
by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien between 1937 and 1949 in the English tongue,
and forlayed (published) between 1954 and 1955.

The three forlayed books are: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Keeps,
and The Coming-back of the King.

The plot follows the tale of The Hobbit, also by Tolkien. Wizard Gandalf
finds out that Bilbo's ring is in truth a well-known witchly ring which
holds the might of dark lord Sauron. The ring is given to Frodo,
who takes it to elvish town Rivendell, where a moot is held to choose
what to do with it. It is chosen that Frodo must throw the ring into
Berg Doom, and sets out together with a fellowship of hobbits Samwise,
Pippin and Merry, dwarf Gimli, elf Legolas, and men Boromir and Aragorn.

At the beginning of The Two Keeps, the fellowship breaks up while
in a fight against Orcs in which Boromir dies. Frodo and Samwise go
on to Berg Doom alone, while the other fellows go on other errands
akin to the war, such as warding the Orcish strikes on the Burgs
of Minas Tirith in the Kingdom of Gondor, and Hornburg in the Kingdom
of Rohan.

http://anglish.wikia.com/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings

ps. My own lexical knowledge isn't anywhere near adequate to have even tried
writing this article in Anglish.

--SPQ--
John W Kennedy
2017-07-22 20:25:01 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
I think that as a linguist JRR would have been interested. "Anglish"
is a proposed form of modern English taken closer to its Anglo-Saxon roots.
That is, it's a form of linguistic purity, with non-Germanic words replaced
with Germanic ones. The few examples I've seen/heard aren't all that immediately
clear, but easier than, say, Early Modern English (the language of Shakespeare).
See YouTube "Anglish - What if English Were 100% Germanic" which describes
1. Choose Germanic English words in current use rather than their Romance
(or other) equivalents.
Example: adj "sundry" in place of "various".
2. Revive rarely used or obsolete English words of Germanic or
Anglo-Saxon origin.
The LotR has many of these. See http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/words.php
Example: ME n "besom" - A broom made of twigs tied round a stick.
From the TT: "...his [Treebeard's] beard stood out stiff as a great besom."
3. Adopt words from Old English or other Germanic languages and
adapt them if necessary.
Example: n "farseeer" for "television" (from German "Fernseher", literally
"remote seer", one who sees from afar. Might also be a better word for
a Palantir than "crystal-ball".)
4. Create new words based on Old English or other Germanic roots.
Examples: adj "nameknown" instead of "famous" and
adj "dwimmer-crafty" - skilled in the arts of magic, especially the power
of illusion. From ME n "dwimmer" ("illusion, delusion, sleight, magic").
Another interesting example is "Ymirstuff" for Uranium.
I wonder how close the LotR text is to Anglish. Probably closer than most
modern writing as JRR was not only highly skilled with words and chose them
with care, he held Anglo-Saxon culture in high regard.
And yet the book was so highly readable that I never stumbled over words
new to me such as "weapontake", even if the meaning I assumed from
the context was technically wrong (issuing weapons) it still made sense
in the story line.
But imagine the whole story translated into pure Anglish; that would be some
achievement. I wonder if I'll ever see it.
The Lord of the Rings is a three-part high wonder saga written
by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien between 1937 and 1949 in the English tongue,
and forlayed (published) between 1954 and 1955.
The three forlayed books are: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Keeps,
and The Coming-back of the King.
The plot follows the tale of The Hobbit, also by Tolkien. Wizard Gandalf
finds out that Bilbo's ring is in truth a well-known witchly ring which
holds the might of dark lord Sauron. The ring is given to Frodo,
who takes it to elvish town Rivendell, where a moot is held to choose
what to do with it. It is chosen that Frodo must throw the ring into
Berg Doom, and sets out together with a fellowship of hobbits Samwise,
Pippin and Merry, dwarf Gimli, elf Legolas, and men Boromir and Aragorn.
At the beginning of The Two Keeps, the fellowship breaks up while
in a fight against Orcs in which Boromir dies. Frodo and Samwise go
on to Berg Doom alone, while the other fellows go on other errands
akin to the war, such as warding the Orcish strikes on the Burgs
of Minas Tirith in the Kingdom of Gondor, and Hornburg in the Kingdom
of Rohan.
http://anglish.wikia.com/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings
ps. My own lexical knowledge isn't anywhere near adequate to have even tried
writing this article in Anglish.
I don’t know whether Poul Anderson ever used the word “Anglish”, but the
locus classicus of this sort of thing is his essay “Uncleftish
Beholding”, available at
https://msburkeenglish.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/uncleftish-beholding-aka-atomic-theory.pdf
--
John W. Kennedy
"The blind rulers of Logres
Nourished the land on a fallacy of rational virtue."
-- Charles Williams. "Taliessin through Logres: Prelude"
s***@gmail.com
2017-07-23 02:26:43 UTC
Permalink
Hi John, thanks for the reply.
Post by John W Kennedy
I don’t know whether Poul Anderson ever used the word “Anglish”, but the
locus classicus of this sort of thing is his essay “Uncleftish
Beholding”
I ran across that one right away on discovering Anglish, and it's a real...
[I can't think of a better phrase than 'tour-de-force' which, being
a French import seems inappropriate in this context] -- how about
a "doubleplus goodwork" (in Orwell's _1984_ Newspeak).

Anglo-Saxon language was used by Churchill to good effect in his wartime
speeches:

"Winston Churchill managed to combine the most magnificent use of English —
usually short words, Anglo-Saxon words, Shakespearean," says Andrew Roberts,
author of a history of World War II called _The Storm of War_. "And also
this incredibly powerful delivery. And he did it at a time when the world
was in such peril from Nazism, that every word mattered."
http://www.npr.org/2012/07/14/156720829/winston-churchills-way-with-words


Churchill himself told the House of Commons (in 1938):

'I must say that the rugged words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, written
a thousand years ago, seem to me apposite, at least as apposite as those
quotations from Shakespeare with which we have been regaled by the last speaker
from the Opposition Bench. Here is what the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle said, and
I think the words apply very much to our treatment of Germany and our relations
with her. "All these calamities fell upon us because of evil counsel, because
tribute was not offered to them at the right time nor yet were they resisted;
but when they had done the most evil, then was peace made with them.” That is
the wisdom of the past, for all wisdom is not new wisdom.'

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill%27s_October_5th_Speech_to_the_House_of_Commons

--SPQ--
JimboCat
2017-07-24 17:22:53 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
I think that as a linguist JRR would have been interested. "Anglish"
is a proposed form of modern English taken closer to its Anglo-Saxon roots.
I think this is related to the (now sadly absent) newsgroup troll "Autymn D. C." who wrote (among other things)

"English (not EInglish or your muttish) is the one
true speakship--it foretold special relativity: <http://dictionary.com/
browse/fleet>; atomic theory: <http://dictionary.com/browse/mote>;
quantal theory: <http://dictionary.com/browse/whit>; wave theory:
<http://dictionary.com/browse/shimmer>; lasing: <http://dictionary.com/
browse/glimmer>; coronæ and nebulæ: <http://dictionary.com/browse/
welkin>; orbits and orbitals: <http://dictionary.com/browse/trend>;
molecula: <http://dictionary.com/browse/speck>." -- Autymn D. C.

I just love "the one true speakship"! He/she also had opinions on greek (see .sig)

JimboCat
--
Post by s***@gmail.com
Πλόνκ
That spells Plonec. You want Πλωνχ.
[Autymn D. C.]
Bill O'Meally
2017-07-25 11:10:52 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
1. Choose Germanic English words in current use rather than their Romance
(or other) equivalents.
Example: adj "sundry" in place of "various".
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
--
Bill O'Meally
s***@gmail.com
2017-07-25 20:49:30 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).

With ’is mussick on ’is back,
’E would skip with our attack,
An’ watch us till the bugles made 'Retire,’
--Rudyard Kipling, "Gunga Din"

"If there's one thing we've learned in a thousand miles of retreat,
it's that Soviet agriculture is sadly in need of mechanization."
--That Mitchell and Webb Look, skit "Are we the baddies?"

To run away is to flee (fly, skedaddle* or be routed).

He that flies counts every foeman twice.
-- TTT

What are you running for,
Are you afraid to die?
The reason that I'm running is
Because I cannot fly.
It was all about that battleship of _Maine_.

* American Civil War slang, especially of the Union rout at 1st Bull Run.

--SPQ--
Paul S. Person
2017-07-26 16:00:03 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).
OTOH, it is used in precisely that sense in /Monty Python and the Holy
Grail/.

Maybe its a Brit thing ...
--
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."
John W Kennedy
2017-07-27 04:26:22 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).
OTOH, it is used in precisely that sense in /Monty Python and the Holy
Grail/.
Maybe its a Brit thing ...
But it isn’t the same thing. Some of the greatest victories in military
history (Cannae and Cowpens, for example) were achieved by a planned
tactical retreat executed at the right moment.
--
John W. Kennedy
"The blind rulers of Logres
Nourished the land on a fallacy of rational virtue."
-- Charles Williams. "Taliessin through Logres: Prelude"
Paul S. Person
2017-07-27 15:58:41 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 27 Jul 2017 00:26:22 -0400, John W Kennedy
Post by Paul S. Person
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).
OTOH, it is used in precisely that sense in /Monty Python and the Holy
Grail/.
Maybe its a Brit thing ...
But it isn’t the same thing. Some of the greatest victories in military
history (Cannae and Cowpens, for example) were achieved by a planned
tactical retreat executed at the right moment.
1. Like I said, maybe its a Brit thing. Not a Roman thing, or an
American Colonial thing (possibly based on Cannae, the leaders being
educated, and "educated" back then meant "schooled in the classics" --
which, since the Brit leaders were also educated, makes you wonder why
they didn't think "Cannae!" when their troops were drawn forward).

2. A /planned/ or /apparent/ retreat is a retrograde movement -- a
battlefield strategem, like attacking a flank, forming square,
counterbattery fire, or dropping a small tactical nuke on the enemy's
assembly area. An /actual/ retreat is unplanned and usually both
panicked and disasterous.
--
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."
John W Kennedy
2017-07-27 16:42:23 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
On Thu, 27 Jul 2017 00:26:22 -0400, John W Kennedy
Post by John W Kennedy
Post by Paul S. Person
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).
OTOH, it is used in precisely that sense in /Monty Python and the Holy
Grail/.
Maybe its a Brit thing ...
But it isn’t the same thing. Some of the greatest victories in military
history (Cannae and Cowpens, for example) were achieved by a planned
tactical retreat executed at the right moment.
1. Like I said, maybe its a Brit thing. Not a Roman thing, or an
American Colonial thing (possibly based on Cannae, the leaders being
educated, and "educated" back then meant "schooled in the classics" --
which, since the Brit leaders were also educated, makes you wonder why
they didn't think "Cannae!" when their troops were drawn forward).
They saw the retreating troops were militia, and thought, “Ha-ha! How
typical!”, not realizing they were advancing (and out of order, at that)
straight into Morgan’s third line of veteran regulars.
Post by Paul S. Person
2. A /planned/ or /apparent/ retreat is a retrograde movement -- a
battlefield strategem, like attacking a flank, forming square,
counterbattery fire, or dropping a small tactical nuke on the enemy's
assembly area. An /actual/ retreat is unplanned and usually both
panicked and disasterous.
--
John W. Kennedy
"The blind rulers of Logres
Nourished the land on a fallacy of rational virtue."
-- Charles Williams. "Taliessin through Logres: Prelude"
s***@gmail.com
2017-07-28 01:28:24 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
1. Like I said, maybe its a Brit thing. Not a Roman thing, or an
American Colonial thing
It seems to me that in the American Revolutionary War the things on both sides
were Brit things.

Although I'm Canadian I am also British in spirit (except for episodes when
my impairment level reaches .08, at which point I'm liable to start singing
Irish Rebel songs) (or if Camilla ever ascends the throne as Queen of England)
and yet I can't quite buy the concept that...
Post by Paul S. Person
An /actual/ retreat is unplanned and usually both bpanicked and disasterous
The Allied withdrawal from Mons, Belgium to the Marne in 1914 was a fighting
rearguard action (that cost the Germans plenty for the ground they took)
and yet it was an actual, genuine, legitimate, bona-fide, real McCoy, true-blue
indubitable (and honourable) retreat.

--SPQ--
Paul S. Person
2017-07-28 15:56:53 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Paul S. Person
1. Like I said, maybe its a Brit thing. Not a Roman thing, or an
American Colonial thing
It seems to me that in the American Revolutionary War the things on both sides
were Brit things.
Yes, well, that's what it was about, wasn't it?

Whether the Colonies were "Brit things", ie, British possessions, or
not.
Post by s***@gmail.com
Although I'm Canadian I am also British in spirit (except for episodes when
my impairment level reaches .08, at which point I'm liable to start singing
Irish Rebel songs) (or if Camilla ever ascends the throne as Queen of England)
and yet I can't quite buy the concept that...
Post by Paul S. Person
An /actual/ retreat is unplanned and usually both bpanicked and disasterous
The Allied withdrawal from Mons, Belgium to the Marne in 1914 was a fighting
rearguard action (that cost the Germans plenty for the ground they took)
and yet it was an actual, genuine, legitimate, bona-fide, real McCoy, true-blue
indubitable (and honourable) retreat.
And there we differ: it was a /withdrawal/, a retrograde motion, a
tactical action -- not a retreat.

Tactical actions, even withdrawals, are /honorable/. Retreats never
are.

(I should probably put "IMHO", of course, since this is clearly a
matter of terminology and terminology can differ -- not only from
culture to culture, but from individual to individual.)
--
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."
s***@gmail.com
2017-07-28 18:03:32 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
And there we differ: it was a /withdrawal/, a retrograde motion, a
tactical action -- not a retreat.
Tactical actions, even withdrawals, are /honorable/. Retreats never
are.
(I should probably put "IMHO", of course, since this is clearly a
matter of terminology and terminology can differ -- not only from
culture to culture, but from individual to individual.)
Well, the best I can do now is to say that when I Googled a moment ago for...
1914 "retreat from mons"
...I got 162,000 hits. Perhaps they're all American (who are divided from
the Brits by a common language, as Churchill put it).

--SPQ--
Paul S. Person
2017-07-29 15:58:11 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Paul S. Person
And there we differ: it was a /withdrawal/, a retrograde motion, a
tactical action -- not a retreat.
Tactical actions, even withdrawals, are /honorable/. Retreats never
are.
(I should probably put "IMHO", of course, since this is clearly a
matter of terminology and terminology can differ -- not only from
culture to culture, but from individual to individual.)
Well, the best I can do now is to say that when I Googled a moment ago for...
1914 "retreat from mons"
...I got 162,000 hits. Perhaps they're all American (who are divided from
the Brits by a common language, as Churchill put it).
Whenever /I/ try something like that, most of the hits turn out to be
for "Mons", with no mention of "retreat".

But perhaps you are more skilled at googling.

Then again, 162,000 hits isn't very many, is it? I mean, "Open Watcom"
gets 98,500 hits, and that isn't /nearly/ as well known.

Oh, and I just got 428,000 hits for "retreat from Mons". This variance
in results is also typical. Google is sometimes quite useful, but not
always.

But that is like claiming that a film shown in "Real 3D" actually /is/
being shown in 3D, as opposed to stereoptically, which the eyes/brain
reacts to differently than they do to the real thing (as I think was
established here by others a few years back when the topic came up in
relation to the PJ Hobbit films): it is confusing a traditional title
(or a trademark) for actual useage. And not allowing for differences
in culture and in time period. And not taking into the account the
possibility that the use of "retreat" is pejorative, rather than being
neutral, as "planned withdrawal" would be, or journalistic (that is,
as making for a snappy headline).
--
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."
John W Kennedy
2017-07-29 21:11:36 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Paul S. Person
And there we differ: it was a /withdrawal/, a retrograde motion, a
tactical action -- not a retreat.
Tactical actions, even withdrawals, are /honorable/. Retreats never
are.
(I should probably put "IMHO", of course, since this is clearly a
matter of terminology and terminology can differ -- not only from
culture to culture, but from individual to individual.)
Well, the best I can do now is to say that when I Googled a moment ago for...
1914 "retreat from mons"
...I got 162,000 hits. Perhaps they're all American (who are divided from
the Brits by a common language, as Churchill put it).
Whenever /I/ try something like that, most of the hits turn out to be
for "Mons", with no mention of "retreat".
But perhaps you are more skilled at googling.
Then again, 162,000 hits isn't very many, is it? I mean, "Open Watcom"
gets 98,500 hits, and that isn't /nearly/ as well known.
Oh, and I just got 428,000 hits for "retreat from Mons". This variance
in results is also typical. Google is sometimes quite useful, but not
always.
But that is like claiming that a film shown in "Real 3D" actually /is/
being shown in 3D, as opposed to stereoptically, which the eyes/brain
reacts to differently than they do to the real thing (as I think was
established here by others a few years back when the topic came up in
relation to the PJ Hobbit films): it is confusing a traditional title
(or a trademark) for actual useage. And not allowing for differences
in culture and in time period. And not taking into the account the
possibility that the use of "retreat" is pejorative, rather than being
neutral, as "planned withdrawal" would be, or journalistic (that is,
as making for a snappy headline).
Google is, indeed, little better than a stone ax (IBM had much better
search engines back in the 1970s), but:
"retreat from Mons"
is much more specific than:
retreat from Mons
--
John W. Kennedy
"The blind rulers of Logres
Nourished the land on a fallacy of rational virtue."
-- Charles Williams. "Taliessin through Logres: Prelude"
s***@gmail.com
2017-07-28 04:56:51 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).
OTOH, it is used in precisely that sense in /Monty Python and the Holy
Grail/.
I saw this movie years ago and had long forgotten the part you mentioned
until I Googled for the script and found this:

MINSTREL (singing): Brave Sir Robin ran away
ROBIN: No!
MINSTREL (singing): Bravely ran away away
ROBIN: I didn't!
MINSTREL (singing): When danger reared its ugly head,
He bravely turned his tail and fled
ROBIN: No!
MINSTREL (singing): Yes Brave Sir Robin turned about
ROBIN: I didn't!
MINSTREL (singing): And gallantly he chickened out
Bravely taking to his feet
ROBIN: I never did!
MINSTREL (singing): He beat a very brave retreat
ROBIN: Oh, lie!
MINSTREL (singing): Bravest of the brave Sir Robin
ROBIN: I never!

http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/mphg/mphg.htm

I suggest that this instance only supports my point, because in this context,
"He beat a very brave retreat" is being used ironically, as the exact opposite
of factually.

--SPQ--
Paul S. Person
2017-07-28 15:59:49 UTC
Permalink
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Paul S. Person
Post by s***@gmail.com
Post by Bill O'Meally
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
Not quite; an equivalent of "retreat" would be to fall back or retire
(to a more defensible position for example).
OTOH, it is used in precisely that sense in /Monty Python and the Holy
Grail/.
I saw this movie years ago and had long forgotten the part you mentioned
<snippo Brave Sir Robin and his Minstrel>
Post by s***@gmail.com
I suggest that this instance only supports my point, because in this context,
"He beat a very brave retreat" is being used ironically, as the exact opposite
of factually.
Unfortunately, I was thinking of the feral rabbit at the mouth of the
cave.

Or the assault on the French castle when they start dumping stuff on
them.

No irony, and no tactical planning either. Just pure, unadulterated
terror.
--
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."
Stan Brown
2017-07-26 21:54:46 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bill O'Meally
Post by s***@gmail.com
1. Choose Germanic English words in current use rather than their Romance
(or other) equivalents.
Example: adj "sundry" in place of "various".
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
"withdoing" for "cooperative". That's an actual example from de
Camp's marvelous /The Wheels of If/.
--
Stan Brown, Oak Road Systems, Tompkins County, New York, USA
http://BrownMath.com/
http://OakRoadSystems.com/
Tolkien FAQs: http://Tolkien.slimy.com (Steuard Jensen)
Tolkien letters FAQ: http://preview.tinyurl.com/pr6sa7u
FAQ of the Rings: http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm
Encyclopedia of Arda: http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/default.htm
Paul S. Person
2017-07-27 16:00:45 UTC
Permalink
On Tue, 25 Jul 2017 07:10:52 -0400, Bill O'Meally
Post by Bill O'Meally
Post by s***@gmail.com
1. Choose Germanic English words in current use rather than their Romance
(or other) equivalents.
Example: adj "sundry" in place of "various".
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
"rearmove" or "backmove", perhaps? (Suggested by my recollection of
"retrograde motion" for a planned retreat.)
--
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."
Julian Bradfield
2017-07-27 16:24:35 UTC
Permalink
Post by Paul S. Person
On Tue, 25 Jul 2017 07:10:52 -0400, Bill O'Meally
Post by Bill O'Meally
Post by s***@gmail.com
1. Choose Germanic English words in current use rather than their Romance
(or other) equivalents.
Example: adj "sundry" in place of "various".
"Run away" instead of "retreat"?
"rearmove" or "backmove", perhaps? (Suggested by my recollection of
"retrograde motion" for a planned retreat.)
"withdraw".

b. Of combatants, troops, etc.: To retire from the field of battle or any contest, or from an advanced position.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3681 Prest aȝen him he was &
slou of hom to grounde, so þat hii gonne wiþ drawe.
...
1697 Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 554 I beg your
Greatness..beaten, to withdraw.

[OED]
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